Software Engineering Institute

The work described in this report, part of a larger SEI research effort on Quantifying Uncertainty in Early Lifecycle Cost Estimation (QUELCE), aims to develop and validate methods for calibrating expert judgment. Reliable expert judgment is crucial across the program acquisition lifecycle for cost estimation and, perhaps most critically, for tasks related to risk analysis and program management. This research is based on three field studies that compare and validate training techniques aimed at improving the participants' skills to enable more realistic judgments commensurate with their knowledge. 

Most of the study participants completed three batteries of software engineering domain-specific test questions. Some participants completed four batteries of questions about a variety of general knowledge topics for purposes of comparison. Results from both sets of questions showed improvement in the participants' recognition of their true uncertainty. The domain-specific training was accompanied by notable improvements in the relative accuracy of the participants' answers when more contextual information to the questions was given along with "reference points" about similar software systems. Moreover, the additional contextual information in the domain-specific training helped the participants improve the accuracy of their judgments while also reducing their uncertainty in making those judgments.