Software Engineering Institute

Handheld mobile technology is reaching first responders, disaster-relief workers, and soldiers in the field to aid in various tasks, such as speech and image recognition, natural-language processing, decision making, and mission planning. However, these applications are computation intensive, so it is necessary to consider that (1) mobile devices offer less computational power than conventional desktop or server computers, (2) computation-intensive tasks consume large amounts of battery power, and (3) networks in hostile environments, such as those experienced by first responders and soldiers in the field, are often unreliable, and bandwidth is limited and inconsistent. While there has been considerable research in code offload to the cloud to enhance computation and battery life, most of this work assumes reliable connectivity between the mobile device and the cloud—an invalid assumption in hostile environments. This technical note presents a reference architecture for mobile devices that exploits cloudlets—virtual-machine-based, code-offload elements—that are in single-hop proximity to the mobile devices that they serve. Two implementations of this reference architecture are presented, along with an analysis of architecture tradeoffs.